Over 200 women have recently joined the Ukrainian Armed Forces through a special early release procedure, allowing those previously incarcerated for various offenses to serve in combat roles. These women, many of whom faced serious charges, are now part of specialized units known as “Shkval,” integrated into 13 brigades and three assault regiments.
Among these women are individuals who have served time for intentional homicide, claiming their actions were acts of self-defense against abusive partners. The early release program offers them a path to freedom, either by applying for clemency through the Presidential Commission or by enlisting in the military.
One such woman, Anna, who now serves under the call sign “X,” recounts her journey from prison to military service. After enduring years of domestic violence, she was involved in a fatal altercation with her stepfather, which she describes as an act of self-defense. “I called for help, but the police did nothing,” she said, reflecting on the lack of support she received during her ordeal.
Anna’s case illustrates the complexities surrounding self-defense claims in the Ukrainian legal system. Despite evidence of her victimization, she was convicted of murder and sentenced to over seven years in prison. Following the onset of the full-scale Russian invasion in February 2022, she took the opportunity for early release to join the military.
Another woman, Elvira, who goes by the call sign “Nyam-Nyam,” shares a similar story. After a violent encounter with a friend who attempted to assault her, she was also convicted of murder. Elvira, who spent time in a juvenile institution before returning to live with her father, faced significant challenges in her life. After serving two and a half years of her seven-year sentence, she was recruited into the military.
Both women have found a sense of purpose in their new roles. Elvira, now a drone operator, describes her experience in the military as vastly different from her previous life. “No one yells at me here,” she said, emphasizing the supportive environment she has encountered.
While the number of women participating in the early release program is significantly lower than that of men—approximately 12,000 men have joined the armed forces under similar circumstances—there are unique challenges for women. The legal framework does not adequately address the specific needs and experiences of female recruits, complicating their integration into military roles.
Research conducted by the human rights center “Princip” highlights ongoing issues within the recruitment process, including the reluctance of correctional facilities to release inmates and the lack of documentation for many. Furthermore, the law stipulates that individuals convicted of serious crimes, such as intentional homicide, must serve at least one-quarter of their sentence before being eligible for early release, a requirement that is not consistently enforced.
Efforts are underway to reform the legal framework governing the rights of former inmates in the military. Proposed legislation aims to eliminate discrimination against those who have been released under the early release program, ensuring they have access to the same rights and opportunities as other service members.
As Anna and Elvira navigate their new lives in the military, they reflect on the stark contrast between their past experiences and their current roles. “This is a different life, a different world,” Anna said, expressing her desire to contribute to her country’s defense. Both women are determined to move forward, leaving behind the stigma of their pasts as they embrace their new identities as soldiers.
Over 200 women with criminal backgrounds have joined the Ukrainian Armed Forces through an early release program, seeking redemption and a new purpose. Their stories reveal the complexities of self-defense claims and the challenges faced by female recruits in a male-dominated military environment.