As discussions intensify regarding the potential for labor migration to address workforce shortages in Ukraine, Ella Libanova, Director of the Institute of Demography and Social Research at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, provides critical insights. Recent data indicates that the number of work permits issued to foreign nationals in Ukraine has significantly declined since before the war.
Libanova notes that in 2024, Ukraine issued approximately 6,000 work permits to foreigners, with projections for 2025 suggesting an increase to 9,582. This is a stark contrast to the 22,000 permits issued in 2021. Despite the current economic challenges, Libanova emphasizes that foreign workers often fill roles that local populations are reluctant to undertake, such as waste management and caregiving.
“The fear that foreign workers will take jobs from locals is unfounded,” Libanova states. “Employers are already reporting labor shortages, and this situation is likely to worsen post-war.” She advocates for a balanced immigration policy that addresses these labor needs while considering the socio-economic context.
Libanova highlights the importance of understanding public sentiment towards foreign workers, particularly in light of historical and cultural factors. “Ukraine has not traditionally been a multi-ethnic society, and the influx of foreign workers may evoke apprehension among locals,” she explains. “However, careful policy development can mitigate these concerns.”
In her analysis, Libanova points to the need for a points-based system for work visas, which would prioritize applicants based on their qualifications and the demands of the Ukrainian labor market. This approach aims to streamline the process and ensure that foreign workers are integrated effectively into the economy.
Addressing the broader context of migration, Libanova discusses the ongoing challenge of returning Ukrainians who fled abroad due to the war. As of March 2023, approximately 4.4 million Ukrainians were reported to be in European Union countries, primarily those who left in 2022. While some have begun to return, the numbers remain low compared to the initial exodus.
“The government’s strategy is focused not only on attracting foreign workers but also on facilitating the return of our citizens,” Libanova states. “We recognize that many Ukrainians have built lives abroad, and we must create conditions that encourage their return.”
Libanova also addresses concerns regarding the potential for family reunification abroad, which may further complicate the return of Ukrainian citizens. “The government is aware of this issue and is working to develop strategies to minimize this risk,” she adds.
In terms of the labor market, Libanova emphasizes the need for employers to adapt to the changing landscape. “The construction and service sectors are experiencing significant labor shortages, and businesses must be proactive in addressing these gaps,” she notes. She also points out that many employers are beginning to train older women for roles traditionally held by men, reflecting a shift in labor dynamics.
Libanova concludes by acknowledging the complexities of migration and labor policies in Ukraine. “It is crucial that we approach this issue with a clear understanding of our historical context and current realities,” she asserts. “Only then can we develop effective policies that benefit both our economy and our society.”
Ella Libanova discusses Ukraine's labor migration challenges, emphasizing the need for a balanced immigration policy to address workforce shortages while considering public sentiment and the return of displaced citizens.