A collective statement from representatives of civil society in Ukraine, Poland, and France emphasizes the importance of recognizing and dialoguing about historical narratives between European nations, particularly in the context of Polish-Ukrainian relations.
The statement highlights the ongoing support for Ukraine’s resistance against Russian aggression, acknowledging the significant sacrifices made by the Ukrainian people. However, it raises concerns regarding recent decisions by President Volodymyr Zelensky, particularly his involvement in the reburial of Andriy Melnyk and the naming of a Ukrainian special forces unit after the “Heroes of the UPA,” which have sparked emotional reactions in Poland and other European countries.
These historical figures are perceived differently depending on national memory, underscoring the necessity for open and honest dialogue. While these decisions may stem from internal pressures, the unqualified mobilization of certain aspects of Ukrainian national memory risks alienating Poland, a crucial partner for European security, as evidenced by the reaction of Lech Wałęsa, who removed the Ukrainian flag from his official attire.
For many in Poland, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) is primarily associated with the mass killings of tens of thousands of Polish civilians in Volhynia in 1943. In contrast, in Ukraine, views on the UPA are mixed; some see it as a tragic chapter of violence, while others regard it as a symbol of the struggle for an independent Ukrainian state.
The perception of the UPA has shifted significantly since the onset of the full-scale invasion, with many now viewing it as a symbol of national resistance against challenges to Ukraine’s sovereignty. Each European nation has the right to its historical narrative and symbols of sovereignty, but recognizing the roles of historical figures in achieving independence does not absolve the need for an honest assessment of the violence and crimes associated with them.
The primary objective should be for neighboring nations to honor various historical figures without neglecting the serious work of addressing the crimes of the 20th century. No nation can dictate how another should remember its history, and friendship between Poland and Ukraine cannot be built on denying the suffering of either party.
Shared memory among European peoples has been shaped by the difficult process of acknowledging the tragedies caused by authoritarian and totalitarian regimes in the 1930s and 1940s. These regimes justified violence against entire populations in the name of national, racial, or class utopias. European nations have learned, often at great cost, that no national history can be firmly established on the erasure of others’ suffering.
The statement reaffirms support for Ukraine’s future membership in the European Union, which is fundamentally a project of reconciliation among peoples who have managed to establish dialogue, gradually recognizing mutual historical traumas and overcoming past conflicts. This historical experience of reconciliation earned the European Union the Nobel Peace Prize.
In light of the current situation, the authors expect leadership from President Zelensky, particularly in providing necessary clarifications and gestures that could help reduce tensions and continue the dialogue initiated between Ukraine and Poland in recent years. This includes an agreement reached on January 15, 2025, with Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk regarding the exhumation of victims of the Volhynia tragedy, which has fostered new contacts between Polish and Ukrainian communities.
Furthermore, Polish authorities, including President Karol Nawrocki, should refrain from using this topic for internal political gain. Despite the controversies surrounding the UPA in Poland, the two countries have forged an unprecedented strategic partnership in the face of threats to Europe. Even the tensions arising from the 2015 decision to grant UPA fighters official status as fighters for Ukrainian independence did not undermine this partnership.
Both Poland and Ukraine carry painful historical legacies. Volhynia has been a site of immense suffering for both Ukrainians and Poles. Therefore, the ongoing debate regarding historical memory, sovereignty, and painful pasts cannot be overlooked; it demands responsibility and dialogue.
It is essential to remember the strong ties between the two nations and the significant support Polish society has provided to Ukraine in recent years, including the acceptance of over a million refugees and steadfast support for Ukraine’s resistance against Russian aggression.
European states have been experiencing divisions and deep political polarization for years. Their institutions, democratic traditions, and liberal values are under increasing pressure. The war waged by Russia is a threat to all.
The undersigned citizens of France, Ukraine, and Poland reaffirm that preserving the unity of European peoples is more crucial than ever, and it is the responsibility of each individual.
Signatories include:
- Philippe Quéré – Editor, Cahiers Personnes
- Dariia Rudenko – Head of Communications, Notre Espoir pour l’Ukraine
- Adrianna Żukowska – Editor, Cahiers Personnes
- Patrick Puges – Board Member, Pour l’Ukraine
- Władysław Jacenko – Journalist, Slava TV
- Karol Grabias – Philosopher, Editor, Więź
A collective statement from civil society representatives in Ukraine, Poland, and France calls for dialogue regarding historical narratives and recent tensions in Polish-Ukrainian relations. The authors emphasize the need for mutual recognition of historical traumas while supporting Ukraine's resistance against Russian aggression and its future EU membership.