Spain is taking significant steps to combat the impacts of extreme heat by expanding its network of climate shelters. These designated cool spaces, located in public buildings, aim to provide relief to vulnerable populations during heat waves.
The Spanish government announced the initiative, which will see climate shelters established in various public venues, including government offices, libraries, museums, sports centers, and shopping complexes. Equipped with air conditioning, resting areas, and free water, these shelters are primarily targeted at individuals unable to protect themselves from high temperatures, such as the elderly, infants, and those with chronic health conditions.
Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez has indicated that several government buildings will serve as temporary havens from the heat. This national effort builds on existing regional initiatives already in place in areas like Catalonia, the Basque Country, and Murcia, with around 400 shelters created in Barcelona alone.
This proactive measure follows record-breaking heat waves, including a 16-day stretch last year where temperatures soared to 45°C. Experts estimate that Spain recorded over 150,000 heat-related deaths in 2025, with more than 10,000 cases attributed to prolonged exposure to moderately high temperatures.
A tragic incident underscored the urgency of this initiative: Montse Aguilar, a 51-year-old street cleaner in Barcelona, collapsed while working in 35°C heat and later died. Her death sparked protests among her colleagues and local residents, who demanded stronger protections for outdoor workers.
Experts warn that this issue is rapidly escalating across Europe, which is warming faster than many other regions. Recent heat waves have even affected northern countries; for instance, Finland experienced temperatures around 30°C for three consecutive weeks last year, straining its healthcare system.
According to researchers from Lancet Countdown Europe, approximately 62,000 heat-related deaths occurred across the continent in 2024. The most significant increases were noted in Southern European nations, including Spain, Italy, Greece, and France.
Researchers emphasize that climate shelters should be primarily accessible to the most vulnerable groups. Data from Spain’s MoMo mortality monitoring system indicates that the majority of heat-related deaths between 2015 and 2023 involved individuals over 65 years old.
Spain is expanding its network of climate shelters in response to increasing heat-related fatalities. The initiative aims to protect vulnerable populations from extreme temperatures as the nation faces rising heat waves.